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VOCABULARY BUILDER  If you have any comments, suggestions or questions related to this section (Vocabulary Builder), please email the author, Mr Frank at the email address on the right.
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Slimy Snakes
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A lot of Americans have a dislike or even fear of snakes, and when asked why, a common reason is that they are "slimy." Primary educators (grade-school -- grades 1 - 6 -- teachers), in fact, often bring in harmless snakes (such as the common American snake called a "garter snake," which is typically about 10cm long and has no venom. Persuading the children to handle a garter snake is sometimes difficult, but, once they do, they realize that snakes are not "slimy." A snake just out of water may be wet, but even wet is different from "slimy." |
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WISE, SENTIENT, CONSCIOUS, MINDFUL
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In the Linnaean system of classifyng living things--the system used around the world in biology--the human species is called Homo sapiens, a Latin phrase that can be translated: "a wise human-shaped animal." Comment is often made about the presumption of our calling ourselves "wise," but that is because "wise" here is really a mistranslation. A better translation would use the word "sapient" rather than "wise." |
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LINGUISTIC CHAUVINISM
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Everyone tends to "root" for the home team. That is, we tend to want athletes representing our city or country to win, even when the athletes are professionals who do it only for money and have little is any connection with those they represent (as is the case with professional sports in much of the world). We also tend to think that the things we are familiar with--our customs, our country, and, of course, our native language, are better in some way than others. Most educated people realize that this cannot really be true--that while our customs may be no worse than others, it is not realistic to actually think they are better. Still, we have this "feeling." If we think it is true and don't question it, it can be called "prejudice." If we only feel that it is true but don't push it, then it is "chauvinism." |
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FOUR WORD DISTINCTIONS
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There are many words that are sometimes used incorrectly in ordinary speech by sloppy or uneducated native speakers where distinctions in meaning should be kept in mind. Here are four of these: illusion versus delusion, astronomy versus astrology, skeptical versus cynical, and psychiatry versus psychology. |
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Cập nhật ( 26/02/2010 )
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Antidisestablishmentarianism
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As far as I know, this is the largest real word in English—27 letters long (did I count right?).There are the names of organic chemicals in the jargon of that field that are longer, but these don’t count, since they are hyphenated constructs. There is also a made-up word in the song from the movie Mary Poppins, supercalifragilisticexpialidocious. Since this word has no meaning, it doesn’t count either, although it illustrates how English can concatenate syllables together to make English-seeming nonsense words. |
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Cập nhật ( 24/02/2010 )
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Deus et Theus
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The Greek word for god is theus. The Latin word is deus. (Et is the Latin word for and, so we have etc., the abbreviation of et cetera—and so forth). That the Greek and Latin words for god are so similar comes from the fact that both languages belong to the Indo-European family of languages. |
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Cập nhật ( 24/02/2010 )
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Wall Street
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In the southern part of Manhattan Island there is “Wall Street,” so named because early in the history of the city there was a wall there (it marked the southern boundary of New York for a short time). |
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Cập nhật ( 24/02/2010 )
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Home and hearth
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“Home is where the heart is,” goes the cliché. The idea is that one’s home is an emotional place—the place where one belongs, while one’s house is merely a building one resides in. |
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Cập nhật ( 24/02/2010 )
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Portage and portfolios
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There are many English words built from the Latin word portare, which meant, “to carry.” Some of these words, like the word portage, came more or less directly from the Latin. Others came into English indirectly from Latin, via French (such as portmanteau) or Italian or even Portuguese (port wine is a strong, seasoned wine that was originally made in Porto, Portugal—a Portuguese port—how “portly” can one get). |
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Cập nhật ( 24/02/2010 )
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“Liar, liar, pants on fire.”
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A child caught lying to his friends will be humiliated as the friends chant this false rhyme: “Liar, liar, pants on fire.” (It is a false rhyme because liar and fire do not actually rhyme—liar has two syllables and fire only one. The children chanting the rhyme will pronounce fire as though it had two syllables). Of course, the lying child will deny being a liar, but children are merciless sometimes. Probably that is better for the lying child than the more polite way a mature adult handles a liar—by saying nothing. The notion of one’s pants being ablaze suits a child’s notion of the “heat” of being caught in a lie. |
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Cập nhật ( 13/10/2007 )
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Fears and phobias
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Fear is a natural human emotion, no doubt evolved to reinforce behavior that helps us survive. Many animals, including monkeys and other primates in nature exhibit instinctive fear of spiders or snakes or scorpions (although much of the human fears of this sort are probably picked up when we are children watching the behavior of adults). |
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Cập nhật ( 01/10/2007 )
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